The Burden of Early Exposure to Malaria in the United States, 1850–1860: Malnutrition and Immune Disorders
利用19世纪美国数据，研究发现早期生活在疟疾流行区的人因营养不良身高矮1.1英寸，且内战期间感染风险高13%，对研究环境与健康关系的学者有参考价值。
This article uses nineteenth-century evidence to calculate the impact of early exposure to malaria-ridden environments on nutritional status and the immune system in America. I estimate the risk of contracting malarial fevers in the 1850s by using correlations between malaria and environmental factors such as climate and geographical features. The study demonstrates that Union Army recruits who spent their early years in malaria-endemic counties were 1.1 inches shorter at enlistment due to malnutrition and were 13 percent more susceptible to infections during the U.S. Civil War as a result of immune disorders than were those from malaria-free regions.