Rethinking classical trade analyses within a framework of capitalist development
提出包含斯密、李嘉图、托伦斯和穆勒观点的古典贸易理论，指出其忽视工业自动扩散和资本输出影响的缺陷，并讨论后续相关研究。
A classical trade theory that comprises Adam Smith's 'productivity theory, ' David Ricardo's reasoning against the corn laws, Robert Torrens's argument for extended colonization, and John Stuart Mill's recommendation to 'send capital abroad, ' is advanced. It portrays England's economic expansion in the nineteenth century. Lacunae exist, however, because of these economists' belief in the automatic spread of industries to the 'agricultural countries, ' and their inattention to the economic advances made by the 'late-coming' capitalist countries as well as the impact of England's capital exports on the 'capital-importing' countries. Subsequent researches which address these and which relate to current debates on theories and policies are discussed. (c) 1996 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.