The effect of bias on the advancement of working mothers: Disentangling legitimate concerns from inaccurate stereotypes as predictors of advancement in academe
基于社会角色理论，研究调查了166名有孩子的初级教师和93名资深同事，发现父母性别影响上级对初级教师工作投入、承诺和灵活性的评价，且这些评价部分解释了父母性别与晋升的关系，证实了母职偏见的存在。
Drawing from social role theory, it is theorized that stereotypes about working mothers will drive biased perceptions about their attitudes toward work and family that will partially account for the `maternal wall'. Survey responses from a sample of 166 junior faculty members with children and 93 of their senior colleagues suggested that parent gender influences superiors' ratings of junior faculty's work involvement, commitment, and flexibility. Moreover, after accounting for self-reports of these attitudes, senior colleagues' ratings partially explained the relationship between parent gender and advancement. Thus, this research provides evidence of maternal bias by demonstrating gender differences in perceptions of work—family attitudes that influence success.