Quality value-chain: a meta-synthesis of frontiers of quality movement
回顾了质量运动的历史演变，识别了各阶段的关键人物及其哲学，并提出了一个整合各质量前沿的“质量价值链”框架，帮助管理者理解质量概念的演进与实施。
Executive Overview As the quest for quality spreads through U.S. industry, many managers are confused by the multitude of terms used in reference to quality. In this article, I review the historical evolution of the quality movement as it spread across the world, and identify champions who periodically discovered new frontiers of quality. Each champion formulated a quality philosophy based on his own unique background and perspective. This review shows how U.S. managers, in the quest for quality, have often gone offshore, particularly to Japan, to seek additional perspectives. Foreign quality champions such as Ishikawa, Taguchi, and others have contributed as significantly as their U.S. counterparts—Deming, Juran, Crosby, and others. From an implementation viewpoint, each frontier of quality is integrated in a Quality Value-Chain framework. From this new framework it can be seen that successive frontiers of quality sought bigger challenges by attempting to integrate domains farther removed from core production or operational activities of an organization.