Measuring International Skilled Migration: A New Database Controlling for Age of Entry
利用移民入境年龄作为教育获取地的代理变量，基于占OECD技术移民77%的接收国数据，结合引力模型估算剩余23%的入境年龄结构，提出了排除12、18、22岁前入境者的新人才流失衡量指标。
Recent data on international migration of skilled workers define skilled migrants by education level without distinguishing whether they acquired their education in the home or the host country. This article uses immigrants' age of entry as a proxy for where they acquired their education. Data on age of entry are available from a subset of receiving countries that together represent 77 percent of total skilled immigration to countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Using these data and a simple gravity model to estimate the age-of-entry structure of the remaining 23 percent, alternative brain drain measures are proposed that exclude immigrants who arrived before ages 12, 18, and 22.