Meta‐organization design: Rethinking design in interorganizational and community contexts
为分析由多个法律上独立的实体组成的组织（称为元组织）提供了概念基础，评估了这类集体出现的先决条件及其设计选择，并提出了一个分类法来阐明这些集体行动形式的变化及其成功必须解决的约束。
Abstract This article provides conceptual foundations for analyzing organizations comprising multiple legally autonomous entities, which we call meta‐organizations. We assess the antecedents of the emergence of such collectives and the design choices they entail. The article identifies key parameters on which such meta‐organizations' designs differ from each other. It also presents a taxonomy that elucidates how such forms of collective action vary and the constraints they must address to be successful. We conclude with implications for research on meta‐organizational design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.