How Can We Train Leaders if We Do Not Know What Leadership Is?
指出传统领导力培训聚焦于领导者的特质和行为，但存在定义不清、无法区分优秀领导者与管理者、培训效果不佳等问题，并提出将领导力视为社区发展过程的新视角及其对培训的启示。
Views of leadership that focus on the traits and behaviors of the leader are commonly used to develop training programs. Although these leadership training programs have some application, they suffer from several problems. First, there is no reasonable agreement on what traits or behaviors are leadership traits or behaviors. Second, there is no way to differentiate what makes a good leader from what makes an effective manager or an effective person. And third, people who emerge from these training programs rarely become what anyone might define as good leaders. A view of leadership as a community development process is explored as an alternative to traditional leadership approaches, and its implications for training and education are discussed.