Understanding second careers: Lessons from a study of U.S. navy admirals
研究退休海军上将如何从官僚组织转向商业环境，发现转型顺利，传统职业与外部成功相关，现代多变性职业与内部成功相关，组织支持对成功转型至关重要。
Abstract We examined the career transition of senior executives from a strong bureaucratic organization into a dynamic business environment. In surveying retired, flag‐rank admirals characterized by the need to start a second career, we found significant support for a career transition model. The retired admirals in this study largely enjoyed a smooth transition into civilian careers. Their traditional career was associated primarily with external success, the contemporary protean career with internal success. The role of the organization proved instrumental for a successful transition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.