Immigration Wage Effects by Origin
利用挪威行政登记数据，估计移民导致的劳动力供给增加对工资的直接影响，发现总体负效应且对不同群体影响不同，北欧移民与本地人替代性强，发展中国家移民与本地人替代性弱。
Abstract We estimate the direct partial wage effects of immigrant‐induced increases in labor supply, using the national skill cell approach with longitudinal records drawn from Norwegian administrative registers. The results show overall negative but heterogeneous wage effects, with larger effects on immigrant wages than on native wages and with native wages more responsive to inflows from Nordic countries than from developing countries. These patterns are consistent with natives and Nordic citizens being close substitutes, while natives and immigrants from developing countries are imperfect substitutes. Estimates are sensitive to accounting for effective immigrant experience, selective native participation, and variation in demand conditions and native labor supply.