The Impact of Mass Migration on the Israeli Labor Market
研究1990-1994年苏联移民涌入以色列对本地劳动力市场的影响，发现移民集中职业的本地工资增长较慢，但使用工具变量法纠正偏差后，认为移民对本地就业和工资无负面影响。
Immigration increased Israel's population by 12 percent between 1990 and 1994, after emigration restrictions were lifted in an unstable Soviet Union. Following the influx, occupations that employed more immigrants had substantially lower native wage growth and slightly lower native employment growth than others. However, because the immigrants' postmigration occupational distribution was influenced by relative labor market conditions across occupations in Israel, Ordinary Least Squares estimates of the immigrants' impact on those conditions are biased. Instrumental Variables estimation, exploiting information on the immigrants' former occupations abroad, suggests no adverse impact of immigration on native outcomes.