Effectiveness of R&D tax incentives in small and large enterprises in Québec
利用1997-2003年魁北克制造业企业数据，评估研发税收激励的效果，发现短期和长期价格弹性分别为-0.10和-0.14，小企业弹性略高；基于水平的激励对大企业存在显著无谓损失，而增量税收抵免更优。
In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives in Quebec, using manufacturing firm data from 1997 to 2003 originating from R&D surveys, annual surveys of manufactures and administrative data. The estimated price elasticity of R&D is –0.10 in the short run and –0.14 in the long run, with slightly higher elasticities for small firms than for large firms. We show that there is a deadweight loss associated with level-based R&D tax incentives that is particularly acute for large firms. For small firms it is not sizeable enough to suppress the R&D additionality, at least not for quite a number of years after the initial tax change. Incremental R&D tax credits do not suffer from this deadweight loss and are from that perspective preferable to level-based tax incentives.