Understanding Organizations through Embodied Metaphors
挑战主流实证主义的多层次组织研究，提出基于具身实在论的替代方法，通过分析组织工作坊中参与者构建的具身隐喻，揭示成员对组织层次和维度的第一手概念，支持临床式组织干预，并对组织理论的本体论和方法论提出挑战。
We outline the dominant, positivist approach to conceptualizing and researching organizations through multi-level research that views levels as independently existing, hierarchically nested entities, and problematize this view by offering an alternative approach based on embodied realism. We operationalize this approach through a study of three organization development workshops where organizational actors constructed artifacts we label embodied metaphors. We propose that analysis of embodied metaphors can enable access to actors' first-order conceptions of organizational levels and related organizational dimensions and reveals alternative qualities and interrelations among them; can support a clinical approach to organizations; provides a window to organizational, divisional or task identities; and poses substantial challenges to established conceptions of ontology and method in organization theory.