Models and Methods to Support a New Type of Inventory Performance Measure: The ESWSO
为库存规划者提供计算缺货发生时预期短缺量（ESWSO）的模型和算法，并与传统补货率指标结合，帮助更好地规划短缺；同时开发两种成本最小化库存模型，将ESWSO融入库存成本框架以确定批量和安全库存。
When analyzing a reorder point, order quantity (r, Q) inventory systems, one important question that often gets very little, if any, attention is: When a stockout occurs, how large is it? This paper is directed at researchers and practicing inventory planners with two objectives. First, we provide several models and algorithms to compute the Expected Shortages When a Stockout Occurs (ESWSO) for a variety of stochastic environments. We show that when ESWSO, is used in conjunction with the traditional fill rate measures it greatly enhances a planners ability to plan for shortages. Second, we develop two cost‐minimizing inventory models—one addressing the backorder and the other the shortage scenario—to show how the ESWSO can be seamlessly integrated into an inventory‐cost framework to specify lot sizes and safety stocks.