Societal Effect, Organizational Effect and Globalization
质疑传统上过分强调国家间社会效应的观点，指出工作组织、政府政策和培训安排在过去十年已显著变化，跨国公司有效传播最佳实践，组织效应和全球化效应可能补充甚至抵消社会效应。
This paper argues that traditional contrasts between countries as depicted by the societal effect approach, among others, may have been over-emphasized. Diverse evidence suggests that aspects of work organization, government policies and training arrangements have changed substantially over the last decade or so, and multinational companies have been effective in diffusing best practices across borders. One implication is that organizational and globalization effects may complement or even counteract the societal effect. This suggests that some cases, where the presumption has been that societal effects are dominant, may be open to a modified analysis.