Strategic Second Sourcing by Multinationals*
提出，在战略互补的寡头市场中，跨国公司使用两个生产设施（第二来源）能保持平均成本低但提高边际成本，从而缓和产品市场竞争并提高利润。
Multinationals often serve foreign markets by exporting as well as by investing directly in foreign production facilities. We argue that if the multinational competes in an oligopolistic market characterized by strategic complements then there are strategic reasons to use two production facilities—committing to a second source allows the firm to keep average cost low while increasing its marginal cost. The increase in marginal cost softens product market competition resulting in higher profits. We argue that this theory also has implications for the “make or buy” literature in production management and the literature on second sourcing in industrial organization.