Managing Innovation: When Less is More
分析了成功公司的文化强调凝聚力可能抑制创新，而欢迎异议和少数派观点能激发更好的决策和创新。
An analysis of many highly successful and visionary companies reveals the existence of corporate cultures that emphasize adherence to company goals and cohesiveness within the group. While such cultures can improve effort, morale, and productivity, they also tend to thwart innovation—limiting not only the expression of originar ideas, but even their production. Research in social psychology suggests that flexibility to changing circumstances and innovation is better served by a culture that not only tolerates, but welcomes dissent and minority views. Such dissent—even when wrong—stimulates better decision making and innovation. Thus, the proper harnessing of dissent may provide a mechanism for creating unity without uniformity and for igniting the spark of innovation.