Rethinking organizational design
将组织设计方法分为重组、再造和反思三类，指出反思方法兼顾股东、客户和员工利益，能更好应对组织复杂性，并提供财务压力下的重新设计建议。
Executive Overview Organizational design has become a never-never land of proliferating metaphors and methods. Managers are understandably confused by the welter of advice that comes at them by way of competing writers, consultants, and trainers. Much of the clutter can be eliminated by grouping design approaches into one of three categories: (1) restructuring (organizational unit solutions): (2) reengineering (organisational process solutions); or (3) rethinking (organizational cognition). Restructuring is typically concerned only with shareholder well-being; reengineering addresses the needs of both shareholder and customer; rethinking responds to the claims of shareholders, customers, and employees. Rethinking offers the best long-term prospects because it clarifies organizational complexity without trivializing it. Organization is conceptualized as a balance of hierarchical control, individual autonomy, and spontaneous cooperation. Situational guidelines, and recommendations for redesign in the face of financial pressures, are presented.