The Role of Pre-Entry Experience, Entry Timing, and Product Technology Strategies in Explaining Firm Survival
基于1974-1994年美国个人电脑行业数据，研究发现多元化进入者初期比创业公司存活率高，但后期进入的创业公司反而比多元化进入者存活率更高，这取决于产品技术策略、进入前经验和进入时机。
Studying the U.S. personal computer industry from its inception in 1974 through 1994, we address the following questions. What product technology strategies increase the survival chances of entrants into new, technologically dynamic industries? Does the effectiveness of these strategies differ by pre-entry experience? Does the effectiveness of these strategies differ by when firms enter a new industry? Consistent with the published literature, we find that diversifying entrants have an initial survival advantage over entrepreneurial startups. But, we find the reverse for later entrants: startups that enter later in the industry have a survival advantage over the later entering diversifying entrants. We explain this finding in terms of the firms' product technology strategies (i.e., offering products based on the technology standard and products incorporating the latest technology), pre-entry experience, and entry timing. Our findings highlight that it is crucial to study what firms do after they enter a new industry to more completely understand their ultimate performance.