Action Characteristics as Predictors of Competitive Responses
探讨了竞争行动的特征如何影响竞争对手的反应数量和速度，基于美国航空业的样本数据，发现行动影响的市场数量和重要性会增加反应数量，而战略行动或需大量实施的行动会减少反应并延迟其时间。
A central question in competitive dynamics is whether a competitive response can be predicted. This study links various characteristics of actions with the total number and the time lag of competitors' responses. The hypothesized relationships were tested with a sample of competitive moves among U.S. airlines. The results suggested that responses are influenced by the characteristics of the actions that evoked them. Specifically, the total number of competitors affected by an action and the importance to these competitors of the markets under attack by the action increase the number of competitive responses. Strategic, as opposed to tactical, actions or actions which require substantial implementation efforts reduce the number and delay the timing of rivals' counteractions. Finally, contrary to prediction, competitors who have a high stake in the markets under attack by a competitive move react slowly.