Product Modularity and the Design of Closed-Loop Supply Chains
研究了产品模块化如何影响闭环供应链设计，指出企业需将逆向供应链与正向链整合，通过模块化复用实现价值回收，并强调回收信息有时比实物本身更有价值。
While companies spend much effort on the design, analysis, and management of their forward supply chains, they need to pay the same attention to their reverse supply chain. Pioneering firms have learned that making product returns profitable relies on good design of the reverse chains' business processes, including integration with the forward chain. Product modularity offers new possibilities for supply chain design. Optimal closed-loop supply chain management requires three things. First, the type of return needs to be matched with the appropriate closed-loop supply chain. Second, through modular reuse, optimal value can be regained in closed-loop applications. Third, the value of reuse information may in some cases be higher than the value of the returns themselves.