Dynamic Efficiency Estimation
基于动态对偶模型提出影子成本法，用于估计动态效率，并应用于1986-1999年美国72家电力公司的面板数据，发现多数公司燃料利用不足、资本过度使用，而放松管制改善了可变投入的技术效率。
The shadow cost approach is developed in the context of the dynamic duality model of intertemporal decision making to formulate theoretical and econometric models of dynamic efficiency. The dynamic efficiency model is applied to a panel of 72 U.S. major investor-owned electric utilities using fossil fuel–fired steam electric power generation over the period 1986–1999. The major results show that most electric utilities underutilized fuel relative to the aggregated labor and the maintenance input, and overutilized capital in production. States adopting a deregulation plan improve the performance of utilities in terms of the technical efficiency of variable inputs.