A Regional Bio‐economic Model of Nitrogen Use in Cropping
构建了一个作物生产模型，用于预测环境政策对农业和环境的影响，并以加州Yolo县为例，分析了氮税对减少硝酸盐淋失的效果，发现集约边际调整是主要响应机制，且社会成本较低。
Abstract We develop a programming model of crop production to predict the effects of environmental policies on agriculture and the environment. The model is calibrated against acreages, yields, and exogenous supply elasticities following positive mathematical programming. In addition, crop production functions are calibrated to yield elasticities with respect to nitrogen and irrigation obtained from a biogeochemical model. We study the effects of a nitrogen tax in Yolo County, California, intended to mitigate nitrogen pollution from field crops. The behavioral and environmental responses to the tax are largely due to intensive margin adjustments. Sizable reductions in nitrate leaching are achieved at a low social cost.