Decentralized Bribery and Market Participation
研究分散化官僚决策中的贿赂模型，发现高贿赂水平会抑制小企业参与、降低生产率，而反腐败措施即使暂时有效也能改善市场参与。
Abstract I propose a bribery model that examines decentralized bureaucratic decision‐making. There are multiple stable equilibria. High levels of bribery reduce an economy's productivity because corruption suppresses small business, and reduces the total graft, even though the size of an individual bribe might increase. Decentralization prevents movement towards a Pareto‐dominant equilibrium. Anticorruption efforts, even temporary ones, might be useful to improve participation, if they lower the bribe levels demanded and thus encourage small businesses to participate.