Long and Short Term Economies of Scope in Dutch Vegetable Production
利用影子价格概念，从双重利润最大化模型中推导出长期和短期范围经济，并应用于1981-1994年荷兰专业蔬菜生产者的汇总数据，发现番茄生产有专业化激励，其他产出则有强烈多样化激励。
This paper derives long and short‐term economies of scope from a dual profit maximising model of production, using the concept of shadow prices. The dual model includes lagged netput quantities to reflect past experience in the production of outputs and the application of inputs. The framework is applied to aggregate data of specialised producers of vegetables in the Netherlands in the period 1981–1994. Adjustments of most netputs are instantaneous, with small adjustment lags being found for cucumbers, materials and services. Long and short‐term economies of scope indicate that at the sector level, there is an incentive towards specialisation in the production of tomatoes and a strong incentive towards diversification in case of all other outputs. Keywords: Generalised Maximum Entropy estimation, Economies of Scope, Horticulture.