Presenting Post Hoc Hypotheses as A Priori: Ethical and Theoretical Issues
指出管理学论文中常将基于实证结果的事后假设伪装成事前假设，这种做法违反研究伦理并阻碍理论发展，同时探讨了两种较可容忍的形式，并提出通过认可复制研究、描述性研究等来改善问题。
Presenting post hoc hypotheses based on empirical findings as if they had been developed a priori seems common in management papers. The pure form of this practice is likely to breach research ethics and impede theoretical development by suppressing the falsification process. Two other forms may be more tolerable: deletion of rejected hypotheses and refinement of hypotheses inspired by empirical findings. To address this problem, the field should provide stronger recognition of replication, descriptive research, rejected and post hoc hypotheses, and critical tests of competing hypotheses. These positive changes require the concerted effort of researchers, management associations, and journal editors and reviewers.