From Groupthink to Teamthink: Toward the Creation of Constructive Thought Patterns in Self-Managing Work Teams
分析了自我管理团队易受群体思维影响的问题，并提出建立建设性团队思维（团队思维）的理论，以促进有效的问题解决。
Groups have been subject to a number of weaknesses and problems that interfere with their effectiveness. One notable destructive group tendency has been labeled "groupthink"-a defective decision-making process afflicting highly cohesive and conforming groups (Janis, 1972, 1983). One contemporary type of group that appears particularly vulnerable to groupthink is the self-managing or self-directing team (Manz & Sims, 1982). In this article we examine the vulnerability of self-managing teams to groupthink and propose a theory regarding the establishment of constructive synergistic team thinking and problem solving-"teamthink."