Public Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology Field Tests: Economic Implications of Alternative Approaches
探讨了四种事前和事后管理农业生物技术田间试验公共风险的方法，发现当研究企业规模小且潜在损害超过企业价值时，这些方法在促进研究进程和控制公共风险方面效果最差。
Abstract Federal oversight of agricultural biotechnology field testing is based on public concerns that unknown consequences could arise from such tests, and that firms may not adequately consider the public consequences of their research and development activities. In this paper, four general types of ex ante and ex post approaches to manage public risks from field testing are explored. The analysis shows that the approaches are least effective at facilitating the research process yet controlling public risks when the research firm is small in size and potential damages exceed the value of the firm.