University Life Science Programs and Agricultural Biotechnology
通过追踪农业生物技术专利引用的科学论文，分析美国大学生物科学研究和研究生培养的生产力来源，发现生命科学预算分配显著影响研究生教育和实用技术，且培训与科研存在互补关系。
Abstract We examine sources of productivity in bioscience research and graduate training in U.S. universities. For this purpose, we first identify the scientific publications cited on agricultural biotechnology patents, and then trace the citations back to the universities producing the cited research. Insight is thus gained into the university investments that demonstrably influence useful technology. Life‐science budget allocations substantially affect both graduate education and technology‐relevant science. Graduate training shows decreasing returns to budget scale, while productive research shows decreasing returns in the short run but increasing returns in the long run. Training is a weak substitute for research, while research is a moderate complement to training.