The Panopticon: From Bentham's Obsession to the Revolution in Management Learning
从福柯的视角审视管理教育自1960年代至今的发展，揭示其作为现代组织中权力与知识相互强化的纪律机制，并建议采用常人方法学分析相关文档实践。
Foucault has shown us how Bentham's ideal design for a prison, the panopticon, stands as an archetype of disciplinary organization, that is, organization assured by the mutual reinforcement of power and knowledge. In this paper, we shall examine management eductaion from Foucault's perspective, tracing its growth from the 1960's to the present, to consider its significance for the modern organization conceived as a disciplinary apparatus. In this view, management education, personnel, and human resource management (HRM) represents some of the latest stages in the "formalization" of the individual within power relations, which began at the end of the eighteenth century with the emergence of the "clinical" human sciences. Finally, it is suggested that research concerning the documentary methods accompanying such "formalization," via the machinery M.E.D. and H.R.M., would benefit from ethnomethodological analyses of the type originated by Garfinkel.