Avoiding the Pitfalls of Emerging Technologies
研究了在位企业为何在开发和管理新兴技术上表现不佳，并提出了四种规避陷阱的策略：关注市场边缘信号、投资学习能力以容纳多元观点、采用实物期权视角保持灵活性、将新兴技术项目与主流业务分离。
Despite their superior resources, incumbents have a poor track record in developing and managing emerging technologies. Established firms are prone to delay participation and stick with the familiar too long. Even if these pitfalls are sidestepped, incumbents are often unwilling to make a full-fledged commitment and find it difficult to persist in the face of uncertainty and adversity. Some established firms have been able to avoid these pitfalls by: attending closely to signals from the periphery of their markets; investing in a learning capacity so there is a diversity of viewpoints that challenge prevailing mind-sets and myopic views of new ventures; maintaining their flexibility by adopting a real options perspective, which lets the firm make informed investments when the time is right; and organizationally separating the fledging initiative pursuing the emerging technology from the mainstream activities.