The Ghanaian manufacturing sector 1991–95: Firm growth, productivity and convergence
研究了1990年代加纳制造业在贸易自由化和货币贬值背景下的产出、结构和生产率变化，发现就业增长主要集中在中等规模企业，技术效率未提升，产出增长主要靠要素投入增加。
The removal of high levels of protection combined with substantial real devaluations have changed the environment in which Ghanaian manufacturing firms have operated in the 1990s. The changes in output, composition and productivity, which have occurred over this period, are examined in this article. Survey evidence for the growth of the sector is shown to be consistent with data from sales tax returns. Analysis of the panel survey shows that, in a comparative context, the rate of job creation in Ghana's manufacturing sector is high. This rate is highest in medium‐sized firms; small firms have not grown more rapidly than larger firms. There has been no underlying growth in technical efficiency and output growth has been matched by a commensurate growth in labour and capital inputs. Labour productivity differs substantially by firm size due primarily to differences in physical, not human, capital endowments.