Trade restrictiveness and efficiency*
提出一个贸易限制数量指数（TRQI），用距离函数方法衡量贸易限制对福利的影响，该指数可分解为贸易扭曲和国内扭曲两部分，有助于区分贸易限制与国内扭曲造成的经济低效率。
This article proposes a trade restrictiveness quantity index (TRQI) to measure the welfare impact of trade restrictions based on a distance functions approach. The TRQI embodies two Farrell measures of efficiency—respectively for producers and consumers—that can be computed using standard efficiency measurement techniques. The TRQI can also be decomposed into a trade distortion and domestic distortion component. In the context of the debate on the interlinkages between openness and economic performance, the TRQI offers a means to disentangle economic inefficiencies induced by trade restrictions alone, from otherwise not directly trade‐related economic inefficiencies induced by domestic distortions.