Employment Deconcentration: A New Perspective on America’s Postwar Urban Evolution
研究发现美国战后就业从高密度大都市区向低密度地区转移，称为就业分散化，与霜冻带向阳光带迁移不同，并构建模型用密度驱动的拥堵成本解释这一趋势。
In this study we show that during the postwar era the United States experienced a decline in the share of urban employment accounted for by the relatively dense metropolitan areas and a corresponding rise in the share of relatively less dense ones. This trend, which we call employment deconcentration , is distinct from the other well–known regional trend, namely, the postwar movement of jobs and people from the frostbelt to the sunbelt. We also show that deconcentration has been accompanied by a similar trend within metropolitan areas, wherein employment share of the more dense sections of MSAs has declined and that of the less dense sections risen. We provide a general equilibrium model with density–driven congestion costs to suggest an explanation for employment deconcentration.