Technological Inertia in Economic History
指出技术进步需要有利的社会环境，创新阻力（如既得利益者和反对新技术的知识分子）是决定新发明成败的关键，并评估了工业革命期间英法两国中阻力的作用。
Technological progress depends for its success on a conducive social environment. The resistance to innovation is identified as a central element governing the success of new inventions. Such resistance usually takes the form of non-market processes. It consists of vested interests, whose assets are jeopardized by new techniques, as well as by intellectuals who are opposed to new technology on principle. The role of resistance in the British and French economies during the Industrial Revolution is assessed.