Regional Blocks and Imperial Legacies: Mapping the Global Offshore FDI Network
研究发现全球30-50%的外国直接投资通过离岸壳公司网络流动，该网络高度全球化，核心位于西北欧和加勒比地区，其内部结构主要反映历史社会政治关系的分层，包括欧洲殖民主义、美欧战后联盟、苏联解体和中国资本主义崛起的影响。
Abstract While foreign direct investment ( FDI ) is generally assumed to represent long‐term investments within the real economy, approximately 30–50 percent of global FDI is accounted for by networks of offshore shell companies created by corporations and individuals for tax and other purposes. To date, there has been limited systematic research on the global structure of these networks. Here we address this gap by employing principal component analysis to decompose the global bilateral FDI anomaly matrix into its primary constituent subnetworks. We find that the global offshore FDI network is highly globalized, with a centralized core of jurisdictions in N orthwest E urope and the C aribbean exercising a largely homogenous worldwide influence. To the extent that the network is internally differentiated, this appears to primarily reflect a historic layering of social and political relationships. We identify four primary offshore FDI subnetworks, bearing the imprint of four key processes and events: E uropean, particularly UK colonialism, the post– WWII hegemonic alliance between the U nited S tates and W estern E urope, the fall of S oviet communism, and the rise of C hinese capitalism. We also find evidence of qualitative, but not quantitative, variation in offshore FDI based on national rule of law and communist history.