Variable Returns to Scale, Non-Uniqueness of Equilibirum and the Gains from International Trade
在可变规模报酬下，利用生产均衡可能非唯一性，推导出贸易收益的全局充要条件，证明即使产品价格不变或生产率下降，贸易仍可能获益。
Existing conditions for gainful trade under conditions of variable returns to scale are merely sufficient. Basing ourselves on the possible non-uniqueness of the production equilibrium under variable returns, we develop a globally valid necessary and sufficient condition for gainful trade. In particular, it is shown that trade may be gainful without changes in product prices, even if trade results in a loss of productivity.