The Effects of Pricing Policies on Water Conservation and Drainage
以滴灌为例，研究竞争性企业采用节水技术的影响因素，发现排水收费等环境规制能促进技术采用，早期采用者多为低效资产、高投入成本或环境敏感地区的生产者。模拟显示排水规制在加州推广高效灌溉技术中起关键作用。
Abstract A general model of adoption of input‐conserving technologies by competitive firms is introduced using drip irrigation as an example. An environmental regulation such as a drainage effluent charge is shown to influence adoption. Early adopters are likely to be producers with less efficient fixed assets (land of low quality or antiquated capital), higher input costs (higher water prices or greater depth to groundwater), and in more environmentally sensitive regions. Simulations show that drainage regulations can be expected to play a major role in adoption of more efficient irrigation technologies in California. Thus, conservation may be a key to solving resource scarcity problems and reducing external environmental costs.