The strategy process, middle management involvement, and organizational performance
研究了20个组织中中层管理者参与战略过程的情况，发现参与战略制定与组织绩效提升相关，但中层管理者的共识（战略理解和承诺）与绩效无关。
Abstract This paper reports the results of a study investigating the strategic involvement of middlelevel managers in 20 organizations. The results suggest that involvement in the formation of strategy is associated with improved organizational performance. Consensus among middle‐level managers, defined as strategic understanding and commitment, is related to involvement in the strategic process but not to organizational performance. Implications for research and the management of the strategic process are discussed.