Management Forecast Consistency
研究发现，管理层预测的一致性比准确性更能影响投资者和分析师的反应，即使一致性预测存在偏差，也比无偏但随机误差的预测更具信息含量。
ABSTRACT We posit that management forecasts, which are predictable transformations of realized earnings without random errors, are more informative than unbiased forecasts, which manifest small but unpredictable errors, even if biased forecasts are less accurate. Consistent with this intuition, we find that managers who make consistent forecasting errors have a greater ability to influence investor reactions and analyst revisions, even after controlling for the effect of accuracy. This effect is more economically significant and statistically robust than that of forecast accuracy. More sophisticated investors and experienced analysts are found to have a better understanding of the benefits of consistent management forecasts.