Top management influence on innovations: Effects of executive characteristics and social culture
研究了四种西方文化中高管特征对产品/市场创新和行政创新的影响程度，发现不同高管特征解释不同类型创新的影响，且行政创新的影响过程因文化而异。
Innovation is a growing source of strategic advantage across a variety of industrialized cultures. Top managers often seek to influence or champion strategic innovations. This study examined the extent to which executive characteristics explains top management influence on product/market (PM) and administrative (ADM) innovations in four Western cultures. The results support the proposition that different executive characteristics explain influence on each type of innovation. The influence process differed across cultures for ADM but not for PM innovations. The implications of this study for practice and research are discussed.