Financial fair play in European football
分析了欧足联财政公平竞赛规则对四大欧洲足球联赛的财务和竞技影响，发现盈亏平衡要求可能降低平均薪资和工资收入比，同时巩固传统强队地位，但该规则可能违反欧洲竞争法。
In 2010 UEFA, the governing body of European football, announced a set of financial restraints, which clubs must observe when seeking to enter its competitions, notably the UEFA Champions League. We analyse the financial and sporting impact of these ‘Financial Fair Play’ (FFP) regulations in four major European football leagues. We first discuss the details of FFP and frame these regulations in the institutional set-up of the European football industry. We then show how the break-even constraint embedded in FFP could substantially reduce average payrolls and wage-to-turnover ratios, while strengthening the position of the traditional top teams. Since the benefits of the break-even rule to consumers remain unclear, we argue that these rent-shifting regulations might fall foul of European competition law.— Thomas Peeters and Stefan Szymanski