Efficiency as a mediator in turnover—organizational performance relations
研究在美国一家多分行商业银行中，发现成本效率（每笔贷款成本）完全中介了自愿离职率对盈利能力和客户满意度的影响，且结果在不同行业中得到验证。
This study adds to scientific understanding of how employee turnover affects organizational performance in a multi-unit commercial bank setting operating in the United States. Theoretically, expected relationships among turnover, efficiency and performance are outlined. Empirically, two indicators of organizational efficiency are examined and one, cost-per-loan efficiency, is found to fully mediate relations between voluntary employee turnover and two organizational performance outcomes, profitability and customer satisfaction, in both synchronous and longitudinal analyses These results replicate recent findings in disparate industries, suggesting that efficiency may explain why higher levels of turnover are typically associated with lower levels of organizational performance. The need to distinguish among conceptualizations of efficiency is discussed, along with the need to consider temporal effects associated with turnover and efficiency.