Majority and Token Minority Group Relationships: Power Acquisition and Communication
质疑Kanter的数值不平衡理论，认为当考虑其他地位和权力来源时，个体对象征性少数和多数角色的反应会有所不同。
Kanter's theory of numerical imbalance states that the successful integration of an organizational member whose social category (e.g.. sex. race) is different from the workgroup majority is an inverse function of the degree of imbalance in the numerical proportion of majority to minority members. This paper challenges this stand, arguing that individual responses to the token minority role and the majority member's role can vary when other sources of status and power are considered.