Ties to the Past in Organization Research: A Comparative Analysis of Retrospective Methods
识别并比较了组织研究中回顾性研究的四种立场：控制过去、解释过去、利用过去和再现过去，分析了它们在方法、哲学和贡献上的差异，为管理学者选择回顾性方法提供指导。
This paper addresses a traditionally neglected area of management and organizational studies—retrospective research. It identifies, describes and analyses four positions on retrospective research: Controlling the Past, in which attempts are made to maximize accurate recall or to reveal potential sources of error or bias; Interpreting the Past, in which understanding of the present is informed by the construction of past reality; Co-opting the Past, in which causal explanations link the past and the present; and Representing the Past, which involves the problematization of time and research on time. These positions are compared in terms of, for example, method, philosophy, examplars and potential contribution. Finally, implications are drawn for the practice of retrospective research in management and organization studies.