International trade, species diversity, and habitat conservation
研究了当可再生自然资源产权缺失时，贸易壁垒如何通过影响栖息地破坏来改善福利，分析了贸易自由化在何种情况下能同时促进福利和自然保护。
Trade barriers may improve welfare if property rights with respect to renewable natural resources are lacking. Previous studies focus on the role of overharvesting, but we argue that trade-induced habitat destruction should also be taken into account. Habitat is one of the key factors determining the long-run viability of many natural resources, and economic activity oftentimes goes at the expense of habitat. While open access gives rise to within-industry externalities, habitat destruction creates across-industry externalities. We identify under what circumstances trade liberalization is welfare-enhancing as well as contributing to nature conservation, and analyze the consequences of trade policy.