Testing Equivalence in the Structure, Means, and Variances of Higher-Order Constructs With Structural Equation Modeling
讨论了检验高阶构念测量等价性的重要性，通过小规模模拟展示其意义，并用数值例子阐明用结构方程模型检验一阶和二阶构念等价性的步骤。
Recent developments in the literature provide us with a better understanding of the importance of and procedures for testing measurement equivalence in organizational research. However, whereas many constructs in organizational research are multidimensional and multifaceted, procedures for testing the measurement equivalence of higher-order constructs are not commonly known. This study first discusses the importance of examining the measurement equivalence of higher-order constructs from a theoretical perspective, and then demonstrates that importance with a small-scale simulation. Finally, the procedures for testing various forms of measurement equivalence with structural equation modeling for both firstand second-order constructs are clarified and illustrated with a numerical example.