The nature, antecedents and consequences of underemployment
提出了就业不足的多维度概念（教育、工作职责、就业领域、工资和职位稳定性），并系统分析了其前因（经济因素、工作特征等）和后果（工作态度、心理健康等），为后续研究和政策制定提供框架。
Despite the growth of underemployment in the United States, relatively little theoretical or empirical attention has been paid to this phenomenon. This article presents a multidimensional conceptualization of underemployment in terms of education, work duties, field of employment, wages, and permanence of the job. The article then presents testable propositions on both the hypothesized antecedents of underemployment (e.g., economic factors, job characteristics, career history, job search strategies, and demographics) and on the hypothesized consequences of underemployment (e.g., job attitudes, overall psychological well-being, career attitudes, job behaviors, and marital, family, and social relationships). Directions for future theory development, research methodology, and institutional assistance programs for the underemployed are discussed as well.