Railroad Impact in Backward Economies: Spain, 1850–1913
重新评估1850–1913年西班牙铁路的经济影响，发现其对经济增长的直接贡献低于英国，因为铁路运输在西班牙GDP中占比很小。
This article reassesses the economic impact of Spanish railroads in 1850–1913, which has usually been considered to be substantially higher than in the most developed countries on the basis of the social saving methodology. The application of growth accounting techniques shows, by contrast, that the direct contribution of railroads to economic growth was lower in Spain than in the United Kingdom, mainly due to the low importance that railroad transport had within Spanish GDP before 1913.