The effects of competition and equal treatment laws on gender wage differentials
利用国际数据，通过元分析发现竞争加强和国际平等待遇公约能缩小性别工资差距，而限制女性从事艰苦危险工作的法律则扩大差距。
Discrimination, if it is inefficient, can be eliminated by competition. In most countries, it is also forbidden by law. This paper evaluates the influence of economic and legal factors on the portion of male-female wage differentials that is not explained by other worker characteristics and may be due to discrimination. We use a new international data set of suitable gender wage gap measures, constructed from the results of existing studies. Meta-analysis of the data shows that increased competition and adoption of international conventions concerning equal treatment laws both reduce gender wage gaps, while legislation that prevents women from performing strenuous or dangerous jobs tends to increase it.— Doris Weichselbaumer and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer