Health and the Economy in the United States from 1750 to the Present
利用新数据研究美国健康转型，发现科学进步对健康改善作用巨大，且穷人受益最多；健康改善并非现代经济增长的前提，但在经济从体力转向脑力时健康对教育和工资的回报最大，形成良性循环。
I discuss the health transition in the United States, bringing new data to bear on health indicators, and investigating the changing relationship between health, income, and the environment. I argue that scientific advances played an outsize role and that health improvements were largest among the poor. Health improvements were not a precondition for modern economic growth. The gains to health are largest when the economy has moved from "brawn" to "brains" because this is when the wage returns to education are high, leading the healthy to obtain more education. More education may improve use of health knowledge, producing a virtuous cycle.